Close reading is paying attention to the subtle text. It's paying attention to different connotations of words. It's wondering why the author chose that certain word or phrase. Patricia Kain's passage "How to Do a Close Reading" explains that "observations constitute the first step in the process of close reading. The second step is interpreting your observations." She explains that you look for patterns in the text and think about what they could mean and why the author put it there. I found this article called "What is Close Reading? - guidance notes" and I thought it's ideas were interesting. According to the article, there are four types of reading: linguistic, semantic, structural, and cultural.
Sources:
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/CloseReading.html
http://www.mantex.co.uk/2009/09/14/what-is-close-reading-guidance-notes/
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